Minerals and macroelements – are substances that in the body of the fish are found in larger amounts (calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chlorine) and microelements (trace elements) – there are far fewer of them (zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, tin, iodine, fluorine, molybdenum). We can divide them into fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (C, B vitamins). Vitamins perform regulatory and catalytic functions for most physiological processes. Vitamins - are an essential ingredient of food, as the fish body cannot produce them, and their deficiency leads to a serious disease - avitaminosis.
Lack of vitamins, micro or macro elements.įor proper development, fish need several nutrients: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, mineral salts (micro and macro elements) and water. Both will struggle with similar digestive and disease problems if their diet consists of one and the same food (lack of variety), improper proportion of nutrients (proteins – fats – carbohydrates), overfeeding, malnutrition. Omnivorous fish should consume 50% food of plant origin and 50% food of animal origin.īalanced diet is just as important for fish as it is for humans.Carnivorous fish should consume 60-75% food of animal origin, and typical predators up to 75-85%.Herbivorous fish should consume 75-85% food of plant origin and even 90% those, which are highly specialized.The anatomical structure of fish as well as the environment they come decide about preferences as to the type of food they eat. There are three main groups of fish nutrition: herbivores, carnivores and omnivores.